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前言

Python语言处理字符串、数组类的问题时有一定概率需要使用切片方法,比如:Leetcode_5。
学习官方解法时发现切片的索引可以超出字符串或数组最大索引值,此时编译器不会报错。
欢迎大佬留言说明这种情况的具体原因,本文只进行一些情况的简单测试。

实例代码

 a = '123' b = a[:5] print(b) 

发现结果为123,编译器没有报错。而当直接使用a[5]时即报错string index out of range。下面是测试结果。

测试代码(字符串)

 a = "" a1 = a[:] a2 = a[:len(a)] a3 = a[:15] a4 = a[16:16] a5 = a[:2] 

运行结果:

This is the id of 'a' :  60
This is the type of 'a' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a' : 

This is the id of 'a1' :  60
This is the type of 'a1' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a1' : 

This is the id of 'a2' :  60
This is the type of 'a2' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a2' : 

This is the id of 'a3' :  60
This is the type of 'a3' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a3' : 

This is the id of 'a4' :  32
This is the type of 'a4' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a4' : 

This is the id of 'a5' :  44
This is the type of 'a5' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a5' :  12

值得注意的地方:

  • 若切片后结果与原来相同,则新字符串所指向的物理地址就是原字符串的物理地址(a1、a2、a3)。
  • 若切片后结果与原来不同,则新字符串指向新的物理地址(a5)。
  • 若当前切片索引范围内不存在合法数值,则返回相应类型的空值(a4)。

测试代码(数组)

 b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] b1 = b[:] b2 = b[:len(b)] b3 = b[:15] b4 = b[16:16] b5 = b[:2] 

This is the id of 'b' :  96
This is the type of 'b' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b1' :  56
This is the type of 'b1' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b1' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b2' :  20
This is the type of 'b2' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b2' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b3' :  80
This is the type of 'b3' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b3' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b4' :  32
This is the type of 'b4' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b4' :  []

This is the id of 'b5' :  44
This is the type of 'b5' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b5' :  [1, 2]

值得注意的地方:

  • 数组切片操作必定指向新的物理地址。
  • 若当前切片索引范围内不存在合法数值,则返回相应类型的空值(b4)。

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