Linux中的LVM之增加容量与删除卷的方法详解

放大LV容量涉及到LVM管理中的命令lvresize，我们先创建一个卷组VG VolGroup02，它建立在磁盘/dev/sdc （大小为8G）上。创建逻辑卷LV时，我们故意只使用了一小部分。具体情况如下所示

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name VolGroup02

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size 7.97 GiB

PE Size 32.00 MiB

Total PE 255

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 255 / 7.97 GiB

VG UUID SETgjx-dobd-Uayt-AWgN-HKID-hsYe-tEotIS

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L7.97 -n LogVol00 VolGroup02

Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MiB

Logical volume "LogVol00" created

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

8192 inodes, 32768 blocks

1638 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=33554432

4 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

2048 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

8193, 24577

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /u01

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00 /u01

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Mon Aug 17 15:08:21 2015

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=3440ad55-6486-45ed-876f-e942b08013bf / ext4 defaults 1 1

UUID=d3abb655-db70-4c42-967d-57c421abfda0 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

UUID=660624ff-335d-42ca-b779-f130a80d9da8 /home ext4 defaults 1 2

UUID=6f534bf0-e486-4937-84ae-ed1221cf34f1 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00 /u01 ext4 defaults 1 1

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

此时，我们要放大文件系统/u01的大小，那么就需要使用到lvresize 放大LV容量

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00' [32.00 MiB] inherit

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00

LV Name LogVol00

VG Name VolGroup02

LV UUID OCHwx1-EL9P-6C5J-RNuz-2Xu5-4215-H3xt5s

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2015-09-01 10:50:10 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 32.00 MiB

Current LE 1

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

[root@localhost ~]# lvresize -L +7.89G /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00

Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 7.91 GiB

Size of logical volume VolGroup02/LogVol00 changed from 32.00 MiB (1 extents) to 7.94 GiB (254 extents).

Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00 is mounted on /u01; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00 to 8323072 (1k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup02/LogVol00 is now 8323072 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 27G 6.0G 20G 24% /

tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 477M 32M 420M 8% /boot

/dev/sdb1 99G 60M 94G 1% /home

/dev/mapper/VolGroup02-LogVol00

7.7G 2.7M 7.3G 1% /u01

如果我们此时在虚拟机上将磁盘从8G扩展为10G，那么要如何利用扩展的磁盘空间呢？

代码如下:

[root@localhost u01]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000462cf

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 502 28672 28847104 83 Linux

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3 28673 40960 12582912 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary.

Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 8192 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x98c391fe

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdc1 1 8192 8388592 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0002488e

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 13055 104856576 83 Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup02-LogVol00: 33 MB, 33554432 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

重启过后才能看到/dev/sdc的空间变化情况。

删除物理卷

删除卷LVM管理中的命令vgreduce, pvremove：

   vgreduce：通过删除LVM卷组中的物理卷来减少卷组容量。注意：不能删除LVM卷组中剩余的最后一个物理卷

   pvremove: 用于删除一个存在的物理卷。使用pvremove指令删除物理卷时，它将LVM分区上的物理卷信息删除，使其不再被视为一个物理卷。

在删除物理卷PV之前，必须将服务器的分区信息、卷组信息、物理卷信息、逻辑卷信息都掌握清楚，避免出现失误或误操作。

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 10443 83778975 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 10444 15665 41945715 83 Linux

[root@localhost ~]# vgscan

Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...

Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan

PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [79.88 GB / 0 free]

PV /dev/sda3 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [40.00 GB / 40.00 GB free]

Total: 2 [119.88 GB] / in use: 2 [119.88 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name VolGroup00

PV Size 79.90 GB / not usable 23.41 MB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size (KByte) 32768

Total PE 2556

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 2556

PV UUID YGtB2J-ZKJr-mV62-NluQ-2DGy-vuUT-cCc1lo

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda3

VG Name VolGroup00

PV Size 40.00 GB / not usable 2.61 MB

Allocatable yes

PE Size (KByte) 32768

Total PE 1280

Free PE 1280

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID wsnv13-7j1H-SH8q-hl6k-HpNc-x4WU-gM7LzW

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00' [77.91 GB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01' [1.97 GB] inherit

[root@localhost ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert

LogVol00 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 77.91G

LogVol01 VolGroup00 -wi-ao 1.97G

vgreduce参数：

-a：如果命令行中没有指定要删除的物理卷，则删除所有的空物理卷；

--removemissing：删除卷组中丢失的物理卷，使卷组恢复正常状态。

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce VolGroup00 /dev/sda3

Removed "/dev/sda3" from volume group "VolGroup00"

[root@localhost ~]#

代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan

PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [79.88 GB / 0 free]

PV /dev/sda3 lvm2 [40.00 GB]

Total: 2 [119.88 GB] / in use: 1 [79.88 GB] / in no VG: 1 [40.00 GB]

[root@localhost ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 79.88G 0

/dev/sda3 lvm2 a- 40.00G 40.00G

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sda3

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully wiped

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan

PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [79.88 GB / 0 free]

Total: 1 [79.88 GB] / in use: 1 [79.88 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]